CAPVT IV
本章介紹第二變化中的中性名詞變化，其變化規則如下：
| Donum (gift) | Consilium (plan) | Dona (gifts) | Consilia (plans) | |
| N G D Ac Ab Vo | Donum Doni Dono Donum Dono Donum | Consilium Consilii Consilio Consilium Consilio Consilium | Dona Donorum Donis Dona Donis Dona | Consilia Consiliorum Consilis Consilia Consilis Consilia |
如同在英文中，to be是屬於不規則變化，在拉丁文中扮演相同角色的esse也是不規則變化，其在不同人稱下的現在不定式表現如下：
Esse—to be
| Sum Es Est | I am You are He/she/it is | Sumus Estis Sunt | We are You are They are, there are |
所以當我們想要說我是個詩人時，就可以說Poeta sum。而甚麼是甚麼其實表示了兩者處於相同位階，所以說一個女孩漂亮時，後面的漂亮應該是修飾女孩，故字尾變化要相同：Puella est bella。
Vocabula
| NOUN | ||
| Bāsium, basii | n | kiss |
| Bellum, belli | n | War |
| Consilium, consilii | n | Plan, purpose, counsel, advice, judgment, wisdom |
| Cura, curae | f | Care, attention, caution, anxiety |
| Donum, doni | n | Gift, present |
| Exitum, exitii | n | Destruction, ruin |
| Magister, magistri | m | Schoolmaster |
| Magistra, magistrae | f | Schoolmistress |
| Mora, morae | f | Delay |
| Nihil[1] | n | Nothing |
| Oculus, oculi | m | Eye |
| Officium, officii | n | Duty, service |
| Otium, otii | n | Leisure, peace |
| Periculum, periculi | n | Danger, risk |
| Remedium, remedii | n | Cure, remedy |
| ADJECTIVE | ||
| Bellus, -a, -um | | Pretty, handsome, charming |
| Bonus, -a, -um | | Good, kind |
| Humanus, -a, -um | | Pertaining to man, human; humane, kind; refined |
| Malus, -a, -um | | Bad, wicked, evil |
| Parvus, -a, -um | | Small, little |
| Stultus, -a, -um | | Foolish; stultus, stulti, m, a fool |
| Verus, -a, -um | | True, real, proper |
| VERB | ||
| Iuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutum | | To help, aid, assist; please |
| Sum, esse, fui, futurum | | To be, exist |
Exercitationes
1. Otium est bonum, sed ōtium multōrum est parvum.
Peace is good, but peace of many people is little.
2. Bella sunt mala et multa perīcula habent.
Wars are bad and have many dangers.
要注意這邊的Bella並不是漂亮的之意，我們可以從sunt mala判斷出其應該為戰爭之複數。
3. Officium nautam dē ōtiō hodiē vocat.
Duty calls the sailor from leisure today.
4. Paucī virī avārī multās fōrmās perīculī in pecūniā vident.
Few greedy men see many forms of danger in money.
5. Sī multam pecūniam habētis, saepe nōn estis sine cūrīs.
If you have much money, you are often not without anxiety.
6. Puellae magistram dē cōnsiliō malō sine morā moment.
The girls warn the teacher about the evil plan without delay.
7. O magne poēta, sumus vērī amīcī; mē iuvā, amābō tē!
O great poet, we are true friends; help me, please!
8. Fēmina agricolae portām videt.
The wife of the farmer sees the gate.
9. You (sg.) are in great danger.
In magno periculo es.
10. My son’s opinions are often foolish.
Sententiae mei filii saepe sunt stultae.
11. The daughters and sons of great men and women are not always great.
Filiae et filii virorum feminarumque magnarum non semper sunt magni.
這邊的翻譯可以用A Bque來取代A et B，這樣翻的話比較有變化。
12. Without wisdom the sailors’ good fortune is nothing and they are paying the penalty.
Sine sapinetia bona fortuna nautarum est nihil et poenas dant.
SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE
1. Fortūna est caeca. (*Cicero. –caecus -a –um, blind)
Fortune is blind.
2. Sī perīcula sunt vēra, īnfortūnātus es. (Terence. –īnfortūnātus -a –um, unfortunate )
If the dangers are real, you are unfortunate.
3. Salvē, O amīce; vir bonus es. (Terence.)
Hello, O friend; you are a good man.
4. Nōn bella est fāma fīliī tuī. (Horace.)
The reputation of your son is not good.
5. Errāre est hūmānum. (Seneca. )
To err is human.
6. Nihil est omnīnō beātum. (Horace — omnīnō, adv., wholly. — beātus -a –um, happy, fortunate)
Nothing is wholly fortunate.
7. Remedium īrae est mora. (Seneca.)
The cure of anger is delay.
8. Bonus Daphnis, amīcus meus, ōtium et vītam agricolae amat. (Virgil.)
Good Daphnis, my friend, loves peace and the life of the farmer.
9. Magistrī parvīs puerīs crūstula et dōna saepe dant. (Horace. — crūstulum –ī, cookie)
Teachers often give cookies and gifts to little boy.
10. Amīcam meam magis quam oculōs meōs amō. (Terence. –magis quam, more than)
I love my friend more than my eyes.
羅馬人常以自己的眼睛做此論述，由此可窺見其文化風俗的一角。
11. Salvē, mea bella puella — dā mihi multa bāsia, amābō tē! (Catullus. –mihi, dat., to me)
Hello, my pretty girl – give many kisses to me, please!
12. Infīnītus est numerus stultōrum. (Ecclesiastes. –īnfīnītus -a –um, infinite)
The number of fools is infinite.
13. Officium mē vocat. (Persius)
Duty calls me.
14. Malī sunt in nostrō numerō et dē exitiō bonōrum virōrum cōgitant. Bonōs adiuvāte; cōnservāte populum Rōmānum. (Cicero. — nostrō, our)
Bad men are in our number and they are thinking about the destruction of good men. Help the good men; protect the Roman people.
THE RARITY OF FRIENDSHIP
這則短文改編自Cicero(Marcus Tullius Cicero)的作品De Amicitia (On Friendship)，是Cicero最廣為流傳的作品之一。在這部作品中，他討論了友情到底是甚麼，以及對人的意義是甚麼。
(Cicero. Dē Amīcitiā 21.79-80. –dignus -a –um, worthy, deserving —amīcitia –ae, friendship –omnia, all [things] — praeclārus -a –um, splendid, remarkable –rārus -a –um, rare — possumus, we are able)
Paucī virī vērōs amīcōs habent, et paucī sunt dignī.
Few men have true friends, and few are deserving.
Amīcitia vēra est praeclāra, et omnia praeclāra sunt rāra.
True friendship is remarkable, and all remarkable things are rare.
Multī virī stultī dē pecūniā semper cōgitant, paucī dē amīcīs;
Many stupid men always think about money, few think about friends;
sed errant; possumus valēre sine multā pecūniā,
but they makes a mistake; we can be strong without money,
sed sine amīcitiā nōn valēmus et vīta est nihil.
but without friendship, we cannot be strong and life is nothing.
（我们）能够)
Few men have true friends, and few are worthy. True friendship is remarkable, and all remarkable things are rare. Many foolish men are always thinking about money, few about friends; but they err: we can be well without much money, but without friendship we are not well and life is nothing.
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