Teach yourself Latin X

CAPVT X

本課介紹第四種變化的動詞。

此種動詞變化基本上與第三變化相差無幾，只是在字根上會多保留一個-i-，如下所示：

Present active indicative

Agere, I lead	Audire, I hear	Capere, I take
Ago Agis Agit Agimus Agitis Agunt	Audio Audis Audit Audimus Auditis Audiunt	Capio Capis Capit Capimus Capitis Capiunt

Future active indicative

Agam Ages Aget Agemus Agetis Agent

Audi-am Audi-es Audi-et Audi-emus Audi-etis Audi-ent

Capi-am Capi-es Capi-et Capi-emus Capi-etis Capi-ent

Imperfect active indicative

Agebam Agebas Agebat Agebamus Agebatis Agebant

Audi-ebam Audi-ebas Audi-ebat Audi-ebamus Audi-ebatis Audi-ebant

Capi-ebam Capi-ebas Capi-ebat Capi-ebamus Capi-ebatis Capi-ebant

Present active imperative

Sg. Age Pl. Agite

Audi Audite

Cape Capite

VOCABVLA

NOUN
Amīcitia, -ae	f		Friendship
Cupiditās, cupiditātis	f		Desire, longing, passion; cupidity, avarice
Hōra, -ae	f		Hour, time
Nātura, -ae	f		Nature
Senectūs, senectūtis	f		Old age
Timor, timōris	m		Fear
Vēritās, vēritātis	f		Truth
Via, -ae	f		Way
Voluptās, voluptātis	f		pleasure
ADJECTIVE
Beatus, -a, -um			Happy, fortunate, blessed
OTHER
Quoniam	Conj.		Since, inasmuch as
Cum	Prep.		+abl., with
VERB
Audio, audīre, audīvī, audītum		To hear, listen to
Capiō, capere, cēpī, captum		To take, capture, seize, get
Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum		To say, tell, speak; name, call
Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum		To make, do, accomplish
Fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitum		To flee, hurry away; escape; go into exile; avoid, shun
Veniō, venire, vēnī, ventum		To come
Inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum		To come upon, find
Vivo, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum		To live

EXERCITATIONES

1. Quid discipulae hodiē discere dēbent?

What should students learn today?

2. Frātrēs nihil cum ratiōne herī gerēbant.

The brothers were conducting nothing without reason yesterday.

3. Ille magnam virtūtem labōris et studiī docēre saepe audet.

That man often dares to teach the great virtue of work and study.

4. Hic dē senectūte scrībēbat; ille, dē amōre; et alius, dē lībertāte.

He used to write about the old age; that man about love; and another about freedom.

5. Ex librīs ūnīus virī nātūram hārum īnsidiārum dēmōnstrābimus.

From the books of one man, we will demonstrate the nature of the treachery.

6. Istī sōlī victōriam nimis amant; neuter dē pāce cōgitat.

Those men alone love victory too much; neither thinks of peace.

7. Ubi cīvitās ūllōs virōs magnae sapientiae audiet?

When will the state listen to any men of great wisdom?

8. Ex illīs terrīs in hunc locum salvum cum amīcīs vestrīs venīte.

Come out of those countries into this safe place with your(pl.) friends.

這邊的in後面加的是acc，表示是一種動態性的狀態，故要翻譯成into

9. Post paucās hōrās sorōrem illīus invenīre poterāmus.

After a few hours, we were able to find that man’s sister.

10. Cōpiae vestrae utrum virum ibi numquam capient.

Your troops will never capture either man there.

11. Alter Graecus remedium huius morbī inveniet.

The other Greek will find the remedy of this disease.

12. Carmina illīus scrīptōris sunt plēna nōn sōlum vēritātis sed etiam virtūtis.

Poems of that writer are not only full of truth but also of virtue.

13. We shall then come to your land without any friends.

Tum ad terram tuam veniemus sine amicis.

14. While he was living, nevertheless, we were able to have no peace.

Dum vivebat, tamen, nullam pacem habere poteramus.

15. The whole state now shuns and will always shun these vices.

Tota civitas haec vitia nunc fugit et semper fugiet.

16. He will, therefore, thank the queen and the whole people.

Reginae igitur populoque toti gratias aget.

注意，thanks somebody在拉丁文中是給予某人一個感謝，所以「某人」是dative case而不是accusative case。

SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE

1. Cupiditātem pecūniae glōriaeque fugite. (Cicero)

Avoid the desire of money and glory.

2. Officium meum faciam. (*Terence.)

I shall do my duty.

3. Fāma tua et vīta fīliae tuae in perīculum crās venient. (Terence.)

Your fame and your daughter’s life will come into danger tomorrow.

4. Vīta nōn est vīvere sed vālēre. (Martial.)

Life is not to live but to be well.

5. Semper magnō cum timōre incipiō dīcere. (Cicero. — incipiō, -ere, to begin)

I always begin to speak with great fear.

這句話體現了拉丁文一個特點，如果cum+abl中的abl被形容詞修飾，則開形容詞放在cum前，而非abl前。

6. Sī mē dūcēs, Mūsa, corōnam magnā cum laude capiam. (Lucretius. — Mūsa, -ae – corona, -ae, crown)

If you guide me, Muse, I shall take the crown with great praise.

7. Vīve memor mortis; fugit hōra. (Persius. — memor, mindful of– mors, mortis, f, death )

Live mindful of death; time flies.

8. Rapite, amīcī, occāsiōnem dē hōrā. (Horace. — rapiō, -ere, catch– occasion, -ōnis, f, opportunity )

Seize, friends, the opportunity from the time.

9. Paucī veniunt ad senectūtem. (*Cicero.)

Few come to old age.

10. Sed fugit, intereā, fugit tempus. (Virgil. — intereā, adv, meanwhile)

But it flees, meanwhile, time flees.

這句話就是time flies的起源。

11. Fāta viam invenient. (*Virgil. — fātum, -ī, n,  fate)

The Fates will find a way.

12. Bonum virum nātūra, nōn ōrdō, facit. (*Publilius Syrus. — ōrdō, -dinis, m, rank)

Nature, not rank makes a good man.

13. Obsequium parit amīcōs; vēritās parit odium. (Cicero. — obsequium, -iī,compliance– pariō, -ere, to produce– odium, -iī, hate)

Compliance produces friends; truth produces hatred.

THE INCOMPARABLE VALUE OF FRIENDSHIP

Cicero. Dē Amīcitiā, excerpts; see L.A.6.

Comparāre, compare– melius, better– mālunt, prefer– incertus, -a, -um, uncertain

Nihil cum amīcitiā possum comparāre; dī hominibus nihil melius dant.

I can compare nothing with friendship; the gods give nothing better to men.

Pecūniam aliī mālunt; aliī, corpora sāna; aliī, fāmam glōriamque; aliī, voluptātēs.

Some prefer money; the other, sound bodies; some, fame and glory; the other, pleasures

— sed hī virī nimium errant, quoniam illa sunt incerta et ex fortūnā veniunt, nōn ex sapientiā.

—but these men err too much, since those things are unsure and come from fortune, not from wisdom.

Amīcitia enim ex sapientiā et amōre et mōribus bonīs et virtūte venit; sine virtūte amīcitia nōn potest esse.

Friendship truly comes from wisdom and love and good character and virtue; friendship cannot be without virtue.

Sī nūllōs amīcōs habēs, habēs vītam tyrannī; sī inveniēs amīcum vērum, vīta tua erit beāta.

If you have no friends, you have a life of tyrant; if you will find a true friend, your life will be happy.