Teach yourself Latin VIII

CAPVT VIII

本章要介紹的是第三變化的動詞，其變化如下：

Present indicative Agere (lead) I lead	Future indicative Agere I will lead	Imperfect indicative Agere I was leading	Imperative active
Ag-o Ag-is Ag-it Agimus Agitis Agunt	Ag-am Ag-es Ag-et Agemus Agetis Agent	Ag-ebam Ag-ebas Ag-ebat Agebamus Agebatis Agebant	Age! (Sg.) Agite! (Pl.)

 第三變化的動詞在字尾上的變化與先前介紹過的第一第二變化動詞略有不同，而且非常容易搞混。第三變化動詞在現在式時除了第一人稱單數動詞直接以-o結尾外，其餘變化相似於第一第二變化的未來式；但第三變化的動詞在未來式時，結尾又類同於第一第二變化的現在式。所以在判斷時務必要先從該動詞是屬於哪一個變化開始，然後才能知道此動詞的時態為何。

VOCABVLA

NOUN
Cicero, ciceronis	m	Cicero
Copia, copiae	f	Abundance, supply
Copiae, copiarum	f	Pl., supplies, troops, forces
Frater, fatris	m	Brother
Laus, laudis	f	Praise, glory, fame
Libertas, libertatis	f	Liberty
Ratio, rationis	f	Reckoning, account; reason, judgment
Scriptor, scriptoris	m	Writer, author
Soror, sororis	f	Sister
Victoria, victoriae	f	Victory
OTHER
dum	Conj.	While, as long as, at the same time that XXX, until
ex	Prep.	+abl., out, out of, from, from within; by reason of, on account of; following cardinal numbers, of
numquam	Adv.	never
tamen	Adv.	Nevertheless, still
VERB
Ago, agere, egi, actum		To drive, lead, do, act; pass, spend Gratias agere+dat., to give thanks to
Demonstro, demonstare, demonstravi, demostratum		To point out, show, demonstrate
Disco, discere, didici		To learn
Doceo, docere, docui, doctum		To teach
Duco, ducere, duxi, ductum		To lead; consider, regard; prolong
Gero, gerere, gessi, gestum		To carry, carry on, manage, conduct, wage, accomplish
Scribo, scribere, scripsi, scriptum		To write, compose
Traho, trahere, traxi, tractum		To draw, drag, derive, acquire
Vinco, vincere, vici, victum		To conauer, overcome

Exercitationes

1. Tempora nostra nunc sunt mala; vitia nostra, magna.

Our times are now bad; our vices are great.

2. Quārē soror mea uxōrī tuae litterās scrībit (scrībet, scrībēbat)?

Why does my sister write a letter to your wife?

3. Tyrannus populum stultum ē terrā vestrā dūcet (dūcit, dūcēbat).

The tyrant will lead the foolish people out of your land.

4. Ubi satis ratiōnis animōrumque in hominibus erit?

When will there be enough reason and courage in humans?

5. Cōpia vērae virtūtis multās culpās superāre poterat.

The abundance of true virtue was able to overcome many faults.

6. In līberā cīvitāte adulēscentiam agēbāmus.

We used to spend our youth in the free state.

7. Rēgem malum tolerāre numquam dēbēmus.

We should never tolerate a bad king.

8. Post parvam moram multa verba dē īnsidiīs scrīptōrum stultōrum scrībēmus.

After a little delay, we will write many words of the treachery of foolish writers.

9. The body will remain there under the ground.

Ibi corpus sub terra remanebit.

10. Write (sg. and pl.) many things about the glory of our state.

Scribe, scribite multa de gloria civitatis nostrae.

11. Does reason always lead your (pl) queen to virtue?

Agitne semper ration reginam vestram ad virtutem?

12. We shall always see many Greek names there.

Multa nomina Graeca ibi semper videbimus.

SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE

1. Frāter meus vītam in ōtiō semper aget. (Terence.)

My brother will always spend his life in leisure.

2. Age, age! Iuvā mē! Dūc mē ad secundum fīlium meum. (Terence. — age, age=come on, get moving!)

Come, come! Help me! Lead me to my second son.

3. O amīcī, lībertātem perdimus. (Laberius. –perdere, to destory)

Oh friends, we are destroying liberty.

4. Nova perīcula populō Rōmānō expōnam sine morā. (Cicero. — expōnere, to set forth, expose)

I shall expose the new dangers for the Roman people without delay.

5. Numquam perīculum sine perīculō vincēmus. (Publilius Syrus.)

We shall never conquer danger without danger.

6. Ex meīs errōribus hominibus rēctum iter dēmōnstrāre possum. (Seneca. –error, errōris, m.=Eng.– rectus, -a, -um, right – iter, itineris, n., road, way)

From my errors, I can show the right way to people.

7. Catullus Mārcō Tulliō Cicerōnī magnās grātiās agit. (Catullus.

Catullus gives great thanks to Marcus Tullius Cicero.

8. Eximia fōrma virginis oculōs hominum convertit. (Livy. — eximius, -a, -um, extraordinary— convertere, to turn around, attract)

The extraordinary beauty of the maiden attracts people’s eyes.

9. Agamemnon magnās cōpiās ē terrā Graecā ad Trōiam dūcet, ubi multōs virōs necābit. (Cicero. — Agamemnon, -nonis)

Agamemnon will lead the great troops from the Greek land to Troy, where he will kill many men.

10. Amor laudis hominēs trahit. (Cicero.)

Love of praise draws men.

11. Auctōrēs pācis Caesar cōnservābit. (Cicero. — auctor, -tōris, m., author)

Caesar will protect authors of peace.

12. Inter multās cūrās labōrēsque carmina scrībere nōn possum. (Horace. — inter prep+ acc., among)

Among many worries and labors, I cannot write poems.

13. Dum in magnā urbe dēclāmās, mī amīce, scrīptōrem trōiāni bellī in ōtiō relegō. — Trōiānus -a -um. ( -urbs, Urbis, f. city. –declamare, to declaim. –Troianus, -a, -um. – relegere, to re-read)

While you, my friend, declaim in a large city, I reread the writer of the Trojan war in my leisure.

14. Nōn vītae, sed scholae, discimus. (*Seneca. — vītae and scholae, dat., expressing purpose)

We learn not for life, but for school.

15. Hominēs, dum docent, discunt. (*Seneca.)

While men teach, they learn.

16. Ratiō mē dūcet, nōn fortūna. (Livy.)

Reason will lead me, not fortune.

CICERO ON THE ETHICS OF WAGING WAR

Cicero. Dē Officiīs 1.11.34-36 and Dē Pūblicā 3.23.34-35, and see L.A. 7 for a fuller adaptation.

–causa, -ae, f., cause– dēfendere, =Eng. –aut, conj., or. –autem, conj., however–necessaries, -a, –um, necessary –clēmentia, –ae, mildness, gentleness, mercy)

Cīvitās bellum sine causā bonā aut propter īram gerere nōn dēbet.

A state should not wage war without good cause or because of anger.

Sī fortūnās et agrōs vītāsque populī nostrī sine bellō dēfendere poterimus, tum pācem cōnservāre dēbēbimus;

If we will be able to defend the fortunes, fields, and lifes of our people, then we (will) should preserve peace.

sī, autem, nōn poterimus servāre pātriam lībertātemque nostram sine bellō, bellum erit necessārium.

If, however, we will not be able to save our fatherland and liberties withour war, a war will be necessary.

Semper dēbēmus dēmōnstrāre, tamen, magnum officium in bellō, et magnam clēmentiam post victōriam.

We should always demonstrate, nevertheless, great duty in war, and great mercy after victory.

Teach yourself Latin VII

CAPVT VII

本章介紹名詞的第三變化。此變化含有陽性、陰性、中性名詞，其變化如下：

Rex, m, king Reg-		Virtus, f, merit Virtut-	Reges, m, kings Reg-	Virtutes, f, merits Virtut-
N G D Ac Ab Vo	Reg Regis Regi Regem Rege Rex	Virtus Virtutis Virtuti Virtutem Virtute Virtus	Reges Regum Regibus Reges Regibus Reges	Virtutes Virtutum Virtutibus Virtutes Virtutibus Virtutes
Homo, m, man Homin-		Corpus, n , body Corpor-	Homines, m, men Homin-	Corpora, n, body Corpor-
N G D Ac Ab Vo	Homo Hominis Homini Hominem Homine Homo	Corpus Corporis Corpori Corpus Corpore Corpus	Homines Hominum Hominibus Homines Hominibus Homines	Corpora Corporum Corporibus Corpora Corporibus Corpora

在第三變化中，陽性名詞如rex、homo變化的字根都與其主格有別，必須特別注意。而Corpus以-us結尾，可以透過其屬格corporis確認其為第三變化的中性名詞，而非第二變化的陽性名詞。在第三變化中，中性名詞在變化時略與其他性有所不同，其於單數受格時與主格同形，複數時主格與受格皆以-a為結尾。

Vocabula

NOUN
Amor, amoris	m	Love
Carmen, carminis	f	Song, poem
Civitas, civitatis	f	State, citizenship
Corpus,corporis	n	Body
Homo, hominis	m	Man, human being
Labor, laboris	m	Labor, work, toil; awork, production
Littera, litterae	f	A letter of the alphabet
Litterae,litterarum	f	Pl., a letter (epistle), literature
Mos,moris	m	Habit, custom, manner
Mores, morum	m	Pl., habits, morals, character[1]
Nomen, nominis	n	Name
Pax, pacis	f	Peace
Regina, reginae	f	Queen
Rex, regis	m	King
Tempus, temporis	n	Time; occasion, opportunity
Terra, terrae	f	Earth, ground, land, country
Uxor, uxoris	f	Wife
Virgo, virtutis	f	Maiden, virgin
Virtus, virtutis	f	Manliness, courage; excellence, character, worth, virtue
ADJECTIVE
Novus, nova, novum		new
OTHER
post	Prep.	+acc, after, behind
sub	Prep.	+acc., with verbs of motion, +abl., with verbs of rest, under, up under, close to ; down to/into, to/at the foot of
VERB
Audio, audere, ausus sum		To dare
Neco, necare, necavi, necatum		To murder, kill

Exercitationes

1. Secundās litterās discipulae herī vidēbās et de verbīs tum cōgitābās.

You saw the student’s second letter yesterday and then thought about the words.

注意，此處的litteras是複數形，如果是做字母，那第二個字母也應該是單數而不是複數，應該翻成letter。

2. Fēminae sine morā cīvitātem dē īnsidiīs et exitiō malō monēbunt.

The women will warn the state about the ambush and evil destruction without delay.

3. Rēx et rēgīnā igitur crās nōn audēbunt ibi remanēre.

The king and queen, therefore, will not dare remain there tomorrow.

4. Mōrēs graecōrum nōn erant sine culpīs vitiīsque.

The Greeks’ character was not without faults and vices.

翻譯時要注意Mores的意思跟mos不盡相同。

5. Quandō hominēs satis virtūtis habēbunt?

When will men have enough virtue?

6. Corpora vestra sunt sāna et animī sunt plēnī sapientiae.

Your bodies are sound and your minds are full of wisdom.

7. Propter mōrēs hūmānōs pācem vēram nōn habēbimus.

Because of human character we will not have true peace.

8. Poteritne cīvitās perīcula temporum nostrōrum superāre?

Will the state be able to overcome the dangers of our times?

9. Post bellum multōs librōs dē pāce et remediīs bellī vidēbant.

After war, they used to see many books about peace and the remedies of war.

10. Officia sapientiamque oculīs animī possumus vidēre.

We can see duties and wisdom by the eyes of the spirit.

Oculis animi是靈魂之眼的意思，類同於我們說靈魂之窗是眼睛。而這邊的oculis是ablative case，是by such and such的意思。

11. Without sound character we cannot have peace.

Sine moribus sanis pacem habere non possumus.

12. Many students used to have small time for Greek literature.

Multi discipuli parvum tempus litteris Graecis habebant.

13. After bad times true virtue and much labor will help the state.

Post tempora mala virtus vera et labor multus civitatem adiuvabunt.

14. The daughters of your friends were dining there yesterday.

Ibi filiae amicorum vestrorum heri cenabant.

SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE

1. Homō sum. (*Terence.)

I am a man.

2. Nihil sub sōle novum (*Ecclesiastes. –sōl, sōlis, m, sun – novum: sc. est.)

Nothing beneath the sun is new.

3. Carmina nova dē adulēscentiā virginibus puerīsque nunc cantō. (Horace. –cantāre, to sing)

I now sing new songs about youth for maidens and boys.

4. Laudās fortūnam et mōrēs antīquae plēbis. (*Horace. –plēbs, plēbis, f, the common people)

You praise the fortune and character of the ancient people.

這邊的plebis是英文的plebe的來源，但是這個詞彙在現在已經有負面意涵，像是低下的群眾等義，所以這邊還是翻成people比較好，畢竟是稱頌plebis。

5. Bonī propter amōrem virtūtis peccāre ōdērunt. (Horace. –peccāre, to sin –ōdērunt, to hate)

Because of love of virtue, good men will hate to sin.

6. Sub prīncipe dūrō temporibusque malīs audēs esse bonus. (Martial. –prīnceps –cipis, m, chief, prince；dūrus, -a, –um, hard, harsh)

Under a harsh chief and bad times, you dare to be good.

7. Populus stultus virīs indignīs honōrēs saepe dat. (Horace. –honor, -nōris, m, honour, office–indignus, -a, –um, unworthy)

Foolish people often give honour to unworthy men.

8. Nōmina stultōrum in parietibus et portīs semper vidēmus. (Cicero. — pariēs –etis, m, wall of building)

We always see names of fools on the walls and gates of buildings.

9. ōtium sine litterīs mors est. (*Seneca. –mors, mortis, f, death)

Leisure without literature is death.

10. Multae nātiōnēs servitūtem tolerāre possunt; nostra cīvitās nōn potest. Praeclāra est recuperātiō lībertātis. (Cicero. –nation, –ōnis, nation–servitūs, –tūtis, servitude–praeclārus, -a, –um, noble, remarkable–recuperation, –ōnis, recovery –lībertās –tātis, freedom)

Many nations can tolerate slavery; our state cannot. The recovery of liberty is remarkable.

11. Nihil sine magnō labōre vīta mortālibus dat. (Horace. –mortālis, –tālis, a mortal)

Life gives nothing to mortals without great effort.

12. Quōmodo in perpetuā pāce salvī et līberī esse poterimus? (Cicero. –quōmodo, how)

How will we be able to be safe and free in perpetual peace?

13. Glōria in altissimīs Deō et in terrā pāx hominibus bonae voluntātis. (*Luke. –altissimus abl., pl, the highest –voluntās, –tātis, will)

Glory to God in the highest and peace to men of good will on earth.

THE RAPE OF LUCRETIA

Rapuit, raped. –se, herself.—necavit, a past form of to kill.—Tarquinios, the entire royal family (Livy 1.58)

Tarquinius Superbus erat rēx Rōmānōrum, et Sextus Tarquinius erat fīlius malus tyrannī.

Tarquinius Superbus was the king of Rome, and Sextus Tarquinius was the evil son of the tyrant.

Sextus Lucrētiam, uxōrem Collātīnī, rapuit, et fēmina bona, propter magnum amōrem virtūtis, sē necāvit.

Sextus Lucrētiam raped the wife of Collatinus, and the good female, because of great love of virtue, she killed herself.

Rōmānī antīquī virtūtem animōsque Lucrētiae semper laudābant et Tarquiniōs culpābant.

 Ancient Roman men always preaised virtues and courages of Lucretiae and blamed Tarquinios.

CATULLUS DEDICATES HIS POETRY BOOK

Catullus 1, prose adaptation; see L.I. 1. Catullus dedicated his first book of poems to the historian and biographer Cornelius Nepos. — doctus, -a, -um, learned, schoolarly

Cornēliō, virō magnae sapientiae, dabō pulchrum librum novum.

I give Cornelius, a man of great wisdom, a new pretty book.

Cornēlī, mī amīce, librōs meōs semper laudābās, et es magister doctus litterārum!

Cornelius, my friend, you always praised my books, and you are a learned master of literature!

Quārē habē novum labōrem meum: fāma librī (et tua fāma) erit perpetua.

Therefore, have my new book: the reputation of book (and your reputation) will be perpetual.

---

[1] Morse的意義與單數形的mos有所不同。其中，Mores雖然為複數形但具有英文的character之意。在Golden Age時期，並沒有morals跟character之意。

Teach yourself Latin VI

CAPVT VI

Sum and Possum

本章除了介紹sum的未來式(future indicative)以及未完成式(imperfect indicative)外，還介紹可以、能夠等表述行為能力的動詞possum(to be able, to be capable)。

Future Indicative (sumàero)		Imperfect Indicative (sumàeram)
Ero Eris Erit Erimus Eritis Erunt	I shall/will be You will He/she/it will We will You will They will	Eram Eras Erat Eramus Eratis Erant	I was You were He/she/it was We were You were They were

基本上，除了第一人稱單數以外，這些變化大部分都遵守先前所提及的人稱字尾變化，像是erimus跟eramus都一樣保有mus結尾。這點在下面要介紹的能力動詞依舊遵守。事實上，描述能力的動詞不過就是在上述的future indicative、 imperfect indicative以及前幾章中所提到的present indicative前面加上pos或是pot來表達未來可以、過去可以或是現在可以。加上pos或是pot基本上是為了好發音，所以像sum以s開頭，就加上pos-sum。很簡單吧！

Present indicative I am able, can	Future indicative I will/shall abe able, can	Imperfect indicative I was able, could
Pos-sum Pot-es Pot-est Pos-sumus Pot-estis Pos-sunt	Pot-ero Pot-eris Pot-erit Pot-erimus Pot-eritis Pot-erunt	Pot-eram Pot-eras Pot-erat Pot-eramus Pot-eratis Pot-erant

上述又稱之為complemetary infinitive，因為就像是英文中的to be able，只說possum並不是一個完整的不定式，還需要有其他的不定動詞來補充他。好比說我們先前看過的debere(should, ought, must)，他也需要與其他不定動詞搭配。參考下面幾個例子或許會更容易了解一點：

Amici nostri poterant superare multa pericula.

Our friends can conquer many dangers.

Amicus meus remanere non potest.

My friend cannot remain.

Debes conservare pecuiam tuam.

You should save your money.

要注意的是，complementary infinitive跟他依附的動詞所作用的對象相同。

Vocabula

NOUN
Deus, -i[1]	m	Voc. Sg., deus, Nom. Pl., di, dat., and abl.,dis( the plurals dei and deis became common during Augustan Period) Dea, deae, f, dat. and abl., pl., deabus, godess
Discipulus, discipuli	m	Learner, pupil, student Discipula, discipulae, f
Insidiae, insidiarum[2]	f	Pl., ambush, plot, treachery
Liber, libri	m	Book
Tyrannus, tyranni	m	Absolute ruler, tyrant
Vitium, vitii	n	Fault, crime, vice
ADJECTIVE
Greacus, -a, -um		Greek
Perpetuus, -a, -um		Perpetual, lasting, uninterrupted
Plenus, -a, -um		Full, abundant, generous
Salvus, -a, um		Safe, sound
Secundus, -a, -um		Second; favourable
Vester, vestra, vestrum		Your, yours pl.
OTHER
-que	Conj.	And (attached to the second of two words to be joined)
Ubi	Adv. Conj.	Where, when; interrogative, where?
Ibi	Adv.	There
Nunc	Adv.	Now
Quare	Adv.	Because of which thing (qua re); more commonly, therefore
VERB
Possum, posse, potui		To be able, can, could, have power
Tolero, tolerare, toleravi, toleratum		To bear, endure

Exercitationes

1. Oculī nostrī nōn valēbant; quārē agrōs bellōs vidēre nōn poterāmus.

Our eyes were not strong; therefore,  we used to not be able to see the pretty fields.

2. Sine multā pecūniā et multīs dōnīs tyrannus satiāre populum Rōmānum nōn poterit.

Without much money and many gifts, the tyrant will not be able to satisfy the Roman people.

3. Nōn poterant, igitur, tē dē poenā amīcōrum tuōrum herī monēre.

Therefore, they were not able to warn you about the penalty of your friends yesterday.

4. Parvus numerus Graecōrum crās ibi remanēre poterit.

A small number of the Greeks will be able to stay there tomorrow.

5. Magister puerōs malōs sine morā vocābit.

The teacher will call the bad boys without delay.

6. Fīliae vestrae dē librīs magnī poētae saepe cōgitābant.

Your daughters often thought about the books of great poets.

7. Quandō satis sapientiae habēbimus?

When will we have enough wisdom?

8. Multī librī antīquī propter sapientiam cōnsiliumque erant magnī.

Because of wisdom and advice, many ancient books were great.

9. Glōria bonōrum librōrum semper manēbit.

The glory of good books will always remain.

10. Possuntne pecūnia ōtiumque cūrās vītae hūmānae superāre?

Can money and leisure conquer the anxiety of human life?

11. Therefore, we cannot always see the real vices of a tyrant.

Vera, igitur, vitia tyranni non semper possumus videre.

12. Few free men will be able to tolerate an absolute ruler.

Pauci liberi tyrannum tolerare poterunt.

13. Many Romans used to praise the great books of the ancient Greeks.

Multi Romani magnos libros Graecorum antiquorum laudabant.

14. Where can glory and (use -que) fame be perpetual?

Ubi possunt gloria famaque esse perpetuae?

SENTENTIAE ANTIQUAE

1. Dionysius tum erat tyrannus Syracūsānōrum. (Cicero.– Dionysius, -iī, m—a Greek name. –Syrācūsānus, –ī, a syracusan.)

Dionysius was, at that time, the tyrant of the Syracusans.

2. Optāsne meam vītam fortūnamque gustāre? (Cicero. — optāre, to wish– gustāre, to taste)

Do you wish to taste my life and fortune?

3. Possumusne, O dī, in malīs īnsidiīs et magnō exitiō esse salvī? (Cicero.)

Can we be safe, O gods, in evil treachery and great destruction?

4. Propter cūram meam in perpetuō perīculō nōn eritis. (Cicero.)

Because of my attention, you will not be in continuous danger.

5. Propter vitia tua multī tē culpant et nihil tē in patriā tuā dēlectāre nunc potest. (Cicero. — dēlectāre, to delight)

Because of your vices, many men blame you and nothing can delight you now in your country now.

6. Fortūna Pūnicī bellī secundī varia erat. (Livy. — Pūnicus, -a, –um, Punic, Carthaginian. — varius, -a, –um, varied)

The fortune of the second Punic war was varied.

7. Patria Rōmānōrum erat plēna Graecōrum librōrum statuārumque pulchrārum. (Cicero. — statua –ae, f, statue)

The fatherland of the Romans was full of Greek books and pretty statues.

8. Sine dīs et deābus in caelō animus nōn potest sānus esse. (Seneca.)

Without the gods and goddesses in the sky, the soul cannot be sound.

9. Sī animus īnfīrmus est, nōn poterit bonam fortūnam tolerāre. (Publilius Syrus. –īnfīrmus, -a, –um, not strong, weak)

If the spirit is weak, it will not be able to tolerate good fortune.

10. Ubi lēgēs valent, ibi populus līber potest valēre. (Publilius Syrus. –lēgēs, pl., laws)

Where the laws are strong, the free people there can be strong.

雖然在英文通常都是用單數的law來談，但是羅馬人習慣用複數的leges來說法律，這點在翻譯時需要注意。

"I DO NOT LOVE THEE, DOCTOR FELL"

這則短文有個很有趣的故事：有個牛津大學的學生Tom Brown被Dr. John Fell威脅要開除他。Dr. Fell告訴Tom，如果他能夠翻譯這則短文，那就開除他。這就是這則短文被稱之為《我不愛您，Dr. Fell》的原因。

(*Martial 1.32; meter: elegiac couplet. amo: the -ō ending often shortened in Latin poetry.–Sabidius, -iī the name of Martial’s perhaps fictious target. –nec=et nōn. — dīcere, say– hoc, acc., this– tantum, adv., only)

Nōn amo tē, Sabidī, nec possum dīcere quārē.

I do not love you, Sabidi, and I cannot say why.

Hoc tantum possum dīcere: nōn amo tē.

This only, I can say: I do not love you

THE HISTORIAN LIVY LAMENTS THE DECLINE OF ROMAN MORALS

這則短文是改編自李維(Livy)的《羅馬建城紀年》(Ab Urbe Condita)中的一小段文字。

Nec…nec…, conj., neither…nor.

Populus Rōmānus magnōs animōs et paucās culpās habēbat.

Roman people used to have great souls and little faults.

Dē officiīs nostrīs cōgitābāmus et glōriam bellī semper laudābāmus.

We used to think about our duty and always praised the glory of war.

Sed nunc multum ōtium habēmus, et multī sunt avārī. Nec vitia nostra nec remedia tolerāre possumus.

But now we have much leisure, and many men are greedy. Neither other vices nor remedy can we tolerate.  

---

[1] Little chart for memorising:

	God, Sg.	God, Pl.	Pl. After Augustus	Godess, Sg.	Godess, Pl.
N G D Ac Ab Voc	Deus Dei Deo Deum Deo Deus	Di Diorum Dis Dias Dis Di	Dei Deis	Dea Deae Deae Deam Dea Dea	Deae Dearum Deabus Deas Deabus Deae

[2] 雖然insidiae是複數形式，但是其意義是單數的ambush等，在翻譯時要注意。